Rare cancers in oncology are an area of significant unmet need but are challenging to address due to their infrequent occurrence and unique characteristics. Addressing these challenges requires a multifaceted and collaborative approach. Development of targeted therapies, efficient clinical trial design, access to medicines and optimised regulatory processes are essential for advancing treatment options for rare cancers and improving patient care. This whitepaper provides a comprehensive overview of considerations for industry stakeholders, including the opportunities and support available for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs).